Conditionals

An if statement allows a program to make decisions and execute different code for different conditions.
A logical expression is an expression that evaluates to either true or false.
Unlike C and C++, false is false and true is true. 0 is NOT false and 1 is NOT true! If you do not know what I mean - PERFECT!

Relational operators are used in logical expressions and only work the way you expect for primitives and references. For instance:

>   means greater-than (only for primitives)
<    means less-than  (only for primitives)
>=   means greater-than-or-equal (only for primitives)
<=   means less-than-or-equal (only for primitives)

!=  means not-equal (primitives and references)
==  means equal (primitives and references)
    NOTE:   That's 2 equal signs in a row, with no
        whitespace between them.

*** To compare objects, you will use method calls, NOT relational operators. Look at the String class documentation to get an idea. More on this in class, as time permits.

Logical operators
are used to make compound logical expressions. For instance:
```
!  means not
||  means or
&&  means and
```
Parenthesis are used for grouping logical expressions.

For instance:

Logical Expression     Means

(num1 != 0)         num1 not-equal to 0
((num1 == 0) && (num2 != 0))    num1 equal to 0 AND
                num2 not-equal to 0

Every logical expression in Java evaluates to either true or false.
A block of code refers to statements surrounded by curly braces.
Lexicographic order refers to the order in which string comparisons are done. When comparing strings, alphabetical ordering is used, with a slight twist. Digits (0-9) come first in the alphabet, then capital letters, then lower case letters.
So, "APPLE" is less than "apple", and "apple" is less than "zoo".
if Statement